The judiciary

Q1) what is the meaning of the term appellate power?

Ans:If a person is not happy with a judgement given by a high court, he or she can appeal to Supreme Court, which will hear the case and give the final judgement.

Q2) what is the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

Ans:The Supreme Court advises the president and the council of ministers on matter of constitutional issues or issues of public importance. The president can seek the advice of the Supreme Court but this not binding on the president.

Q3) Explain the term of judicial review.

Ans:Any law or policy made by the government that is not in accordance with the text or intention of the constitution can be declared as illegal. This is known as judicial review.

Q4) what is a public interest litigation?

Ans:Any citizen of India can go to the court if the interest of the public has been affected by the deeds of the government. this is known as public interest litigation.  The court then study the case and if necessary issues orders to check the malpractices of public officials and prevent the misuse of power by the government.

Q5) Give two examples of subordinate courts.

Ans:Court of the civil judge and the court of the munsif are examples of subordinate courts.

Q6) A person is not happy with the judgement of the court of the session judge. To which court could he/she appeal?

Ans: High court

Q7) Draw and explain the hierarchical structure of the various courts of the Indian judiciary.

Ans:

Q8) What are the difference between civil and criminal cases?

Civil disputes	Criminal disputes
- Deals with individual wrongs, for example cases involving disputes related to money, property, social matters such as marriage, divorce, etc.	- Deals with disputes related with wrongs against society or the state. For example offences such as theft, robbery.
- A civil case is brought by another person	- A criminal case is brought by the government.
You can not be arrested or imprisoned for a civil matter. The guilty however has to compensate the victim for damage caused which are usually monetary.	- Criminal law mainly deals with punishment for wrongs .

Q9) what are the advantages of having a single unified judicial system in the country?

Ans:In the unified Indian judiciary, if a citizen is dissatisfied with the judgement given in any lower court, he or she can appeal to a higher court. People should not take law into their own hands, and any matter of dispute should be taken to the court for a decision. If a fundamental right is violated, the citizen can either appeal to the High Court or to the supreme court.

Glossary :

Jurisdictions : authority in legal matter .

Appellate: relating to appeal

Hierarchy :  having different levels of power

Writ: a court order

Civil dispute: a dispute between tow citizens or private parties

Criminal : dispute.