Q1) Define the word “industry “
Ans: the organised production of
goods or services is called industry. Industries can be manufacturing or
services industries. Traditionally,
however the word “industry” referred to any economic activity concerned with the
processing of raw materials into finished goods with the help of machines in
factoriers.
Q2) briefly explain the importance of
manufacturing industries.
Ans: industries
-
Contribute to value
addition.
-
Add significantly to
the national income
-
Pave way for rapid
development
-
Generate employment
Q3) classify the industries on the basis of
their size.
Ans: this classification is based
on the capital invested by the company, the total number of employees and the
volume of production. On the basis of size we can classify industries into
-
Cottage industries
-
Small scale
industries
-
Large scale
industries
Q4) how can industries be classified on the
basis of raw material used ?
Ans: on the basis of raw
materials used, industries can be classified as:
-
Agro based
industries.
-
Mineral based
industries.
-
Marine based
industries.
-
Pastoral based
-
Forest based
industries.
Q5) What are multinational firms
Ans: multinational firms are big
companies that operate from several countries. These companies operate with a
desire to be globally competitive and to get maximum profit. for example Intosys, NIIT, TATA steel, Nokia,
Samsung and coca cola are multinational firms.
Q6) what are the factors that affect the
location of industries? Explain briefly.
Ans: industries are unevenly
distributed. Various factors affect their distribution. They may be
geographical, political, historical, social, human and economic factors.
The industries which are independent of most of these
factors are called foot loose industries.
Q7) what are industrial regions? Name the major
ones around the world and in India.
Ans: industries region emerge
when a large number of industries are located in a selected area. Close to each
other. They enjoy the privileges assured by their government and the benefits
of their proximity to each other.
Industrial regions of the world in general are highly
urbanized and densely populated.
The major industrial regions of the world are:
-
Eastern North
America.
-
Western and central
Europe.
-
Eastern Asia (
eastern China – Japan )
-
The Mumbai pane
cluster.
-
The AhmadAbad-
Vadodara region
-
The Gurgaon – Delhi –
Meerat region
Q8) Distinguish between
a)
Public and private sector
Ans:
public
sector :
- public sector are owned , managed and controlled by
the state or central government .
- these industries operate more for the benefit of the
public than for making profits.
- price for the products is fixed through planning.
Example: the Indian railways, Hindustan Aeronautics
Limited, Indian oil Corporation, Bharat Heavy electricity Limited, Air India.
Private sector:
-
owned, managed
and controlled by individuals or group of individuals.
-
Operate mainly
for profit.
-
The price of
products is determined by market forces such as the demand and supply.
-
Example:
Companies in India include the Birla group of industries, reliance industries,
the Tata group of computers, etc.
b)
Mineral based
industries and forest based industries
Ans:
mineral based industries:
-
Get their raw
materials from minerals which are then processed and turned into finished
goods.
-
Example: the
iron and steel industry, locomotive industry, automobiles industry, cement
industry and aluminum industry.
Forest based
industries:
-
Obtain their
raw materials from shrubs herbs, grass and trees in the forest.
-
These industries
use wood or wood pulp as their raw materials.
-
The industries
associated with forests produce wood pulp and paper, cardboard, rayon, pharmaceuticals,
etc.
c)
Large scale
industries and small scale industries.
Ans:
large scale industries:
-
Uses large
amounts of capital, huge machines and modern and superior technology to
manufacture goods.
-
Large scale
industries need huge amount of power.
-
They usually
employ an enormous number of workers.
-
They obtain raw
material even from distant regions.
-
They sell their
goods even to distant markets.
-
Iron and steel
industries, petrochemical textile industry, aircraft, railway coach are some
examples of large scale industries.
Small scale industries:
-
Small manufacturing
units setup with limited capital.
-
They use lesser
amount of capital and technology as compared to large scale industries.
-
They also
generate a great deal of employment
-
They uses
machines that run on power obtain raw materials from outside produce more in
terms of volume compared to cottage
industry.
-
SSI units are
engaged in silk weaving, producing garments, food and leather items, manufacturing
chemicals furniture and fittings and automobiles components.
Q9) Name the following
a)
Any three industrial region in India
Ans:
-
The Mumbai –
Pure Custer
-
The Ahmadabad
Vadodara region
-
The Gurgaon –
Delhi- Meerut region
b)
Few examples for
pastoral based industries.
Ans:
The woolen textiles industry, the diary industry, and
the leather industry
c)
Any four
inputs in the industrial system
Ans:
The inputs are labour – land – capital – communication
d)
Any two
examples of cottage industry
Ans:
Toy making – weaving – pottery – shoe making - jewelry
making
Q10) give reasons
a)
Several industrial cities are located along
the coast.
Ans:
-
The proximity
of the parts provides easy access to marine roots.
-
Exporting bulky
goods will be cost effective
-
Port facility
b)
Industries provide
value addition
Ans:
When the raw material is processed to be converted into
usable final product, its utility value and price increases.
It covers the cost incurred processing.