Q1) Define nationalism
Ans: nationalism is a feeling of
pride in one’s country. It also refers to the desire for freedom, felt by
people under foreign domination, as in the case of pre-independent India.
Q2) Write a short note on the boycott
and Swadeshi movement.
Ans: To let the British know how
unhappy the Indians were at the partition of Bengal, leader of the anti-partition movement
decided to use only Indian goods and to boycott British goods.
People gathered at crossroad s and burnt the
improved cloths that they had. People picketed shop selling foreign goods( ie,
stood outside such shops and persuaded customers not to enter and buy goods ) .Even
imported sugar was boycotted. This is
called the boycott movement.
People resolved to use only things made in
India. This was called the swadeshi movement. Swadeshi means “ of one’s own country “ . people began
wearing cotton cloths made in India . this was a two prorogued attack on the British.
The boycott affected the British trade and industry, while Swadeshi movement
helped local Indians industry to prosper . the congress leaders supported the
Swadeshi and boycott movements and hoped that this would bring the British on
their knees.
Q3) Write a short note on the
partition of Bengal.
Ans: Lord Curzon did his best to
suppress the movement of extremist nationalism. In 1905, he partitioned Bengal.
Bengal was the strong hold of the congress. Curzon’s real reason was to separate
East Bengal, with the majority Muslims population from the rest of Bengal and
thus to weaken the congress. It also served to divide the Hindus and Muslims.
Q4) what was the reason for the split
in the congress in 1907?
Ans: there were many differences
in opinions between moderates and extremists.
The extremists took Swaraj to mean total freedom
from British domination , while for the moderates it just mean an increased
role for Indians in British administration . the moderates accepted the
Swadeshi movement but refused to boycott British goods, feeling it would embitter relations
between the British and Indians. Also the extremists wanted to stop Western
education and follow Indian education which the moderates were against.
The differences brought about a split in the
congress in 1907.
Q5) Who were the moderates and the
extremists of the congress.
Ans: Most of the congress members
were educated Indians who had faith in the British and believed in submitting
petitions to have their grievances redressed. They come to be called the
moderates.
The moderates leaders were Surendranath
Banerjee, PherozShah Mehta and Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Some Indian leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak in
Maharashtra and Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab realized the futility of petitioning
the British. They demand Swaraj or self rule.
These leaders came to be called the extremists.
Q6) Explain the policy of divide and
rule.
Ans: The policy of divide and rule
was a strategy used effectively by the British to sow the seed of dissention
between Hindus and Muslims. They weakened the Indian nationalist movement by
pitting people of different castes, religions and regions on one another. The partition
of Bengal is one example. It also sowed the seeds of division between Hindus
and Muslims.
Q7) Which were the parties that
signed the Luck now pact?
Ans: The Muslim league and the
congress were the parties that signed the Luck now pact.
Q8) Mention any two factors that led
to growth of nationalism amongst Indians.
Ans: The British introduced
western and English education to Indians. They exposed the Indian leaders to
western ideas of democracy and nationalism.
They were inspired by the freedom struggles
that had taken place in countries like America and France.
Another reason was growth of the region press
and regional literature.
Q9) Who were the leaders in the
congress when it was started ? what were its aims?
Ans: Surendranath Banerjee, PherozShah
Mehta, WC Bonnerjee and Dinshaw wadia in 1885.
Its aims were:
- To seek
the cooperation of all Indians.
- To
eradicate prejudices of race, religion , caste, etc.
- To
discuss the major problems of India and come out
with suggestions to solve the.
- To request the British to involve Indians while taking administrative decisions
concerning India
Q10) write a short note on a) the home role league b) the Muslim
league
Ans : a) some of the Indian leaders realized
that unless popular pressure was brought to bear upon the government, they would
never have self-rule or home rule. Therefore between 1915 and 1916, two home
rule league were started- one under the leadership of Lokmanya Tilak in Poona
and the other under Annie Besant in Madras. These two home rule league carried
out intense propaganda all over the country in favor of the demand for
self-rule in India after the First World War. The Muslim league joined the
congress in this demand for home rule.
b) The Muslim league started the formation of the Muslim league which
was instigated by the British as part of their police of divide and rule.
Muslim leaders like the Aga khan were summoned to Simla and made to believe that
they should do something to safeguard their interests as the congress was
dominated by Hindus. The Muslim leaders feared that if the British did leave
India , Muslim would have no share in the Indian government. As a result of
this feeling, some Muslim leaders set up a separate political organization in
the form of the Muslim league