Coal and petroleum

Q1) What are natural resources

Ans:

Natural resources like fresh water, oxygen in the air and plants.

Q2) What is a renewable resources?

Ans:

Some natural resources like fresh water, oxygen in the air, plants and animals are being renewed by rapid natural cycle. Such natural resources are called renewable natural resources.

Q3) Name any two non-renewable natural resources.

Ans:

Coal and petroleum are examples of renewable natural resources.

Q4) What are fossil fuels? Give an example .

Ans:

Mineral coal, natural  gas and crude oil ( petroleum) are formed from plants and animals through extremely slow natural processes that take millions of years. They are called fossil fuels.

Q5) what is carbonization?

Ans:

The process of conversion of dead plants material into coal is called carbonization.

Q6) list the products obtained from coal.

Ans:

Coke, coal and coal gas.

Q7) Name the petroleum product used for surfacing roads.

Ans:

Bitumen

Q8) What is the full form of CNG ?

Ans:

Compressed Natural Gas

Q9) Why are fossil fuels exhaustible?

Ans:

Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources, they are not being renewed through natural cycles and therefore it is exhaustible.

Q10) list the uses of coal.

Ans:

-It is used primarily as a source of heat and electricity .

-the most significant uses of coal are in steel production

-it is used in cement manufacturing

-it is used in thermal power plants.

-several chemical s are produced from coal. Soap, medicines, solvents, days, plastics and fibers like ray, nylon and some products that have in them chemical  derived from coal.

Q11) list the products obtained by refining petroleum.

Ans:

 Cooking gas – petrol – kerosene – jet fuel – diesel  oil – fuel for ships – and bitumen for roads,

Q12) name any two constituents of petroleum and their uses.

Ans:

Petrol used for motor vehicles and solvent for dry cleaning , diesel used for heavy vehicles and generator.

Q13) What are the advantages of using natural gas?

Ans:

It does not produce smoke and therefore helps in reducing pollution . it is a clean fuel.

Q14) Describe the process of fractional distillation.

Ans:

The process of separating useful components of petroleum is called fractional distillation of petroleum.

The components called fractions are separated based on their different boiling points.

During fractional distillation, crude oil is heated in a distillation tower. Heating separates heavy and light components from petroleum.

The heavy components collect at the bottom whereas the light components collect at the top.

When heated, some of the oil vaporises and rises up in the tower. The very top fraction in the distillation column is made up of light gases such as ethane and propane.

Q15) Describe the process of formation of petroleum and natural gas.

Ans:

Around 400 million years ago, dead marine organisms formed a layer of organic matter on the ocean floor.

With time, the thick layer of organic matter got covered with sand, silt and rock.

The pressure exerted by the earth’s surface, the heat from below the surface and decomposing bacteria converted the organic matter into crude oil and natural gas.

Q16) explain the process of coal formation.

Ans:

Around 300 million years ago, forests covered the entire earth.

-      Trees died formed peat

-      Peat got compressed to form lignite

-      Further compression of lignite

-      Hard coal is formed