Industries

Q1) Define the word “industry “

Ans: the organised production of goods or services is called industry. Industries can be manufacturing or services industries.  Traditionally, however the word “industry” referred to any economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials into finished goods with the help of machines in factoriers.

Q2) briefly explain the importance of manufacturing industries.

Ans: industries

-      Contribute to value addition.

-      Add significantly to the national income

-      Pave way for rapid development

-      Generate employment

Q3) classify the industries on the basis of their size.

Ans: this classification is based on the capital invested by the company, the total number of employees and the volume of production. On the basis of size we can classify industries into

-      Cottage industries

-      Small scale industries

-      Large scale industries

Q4) how can industries be classified on the basis of raw material used ?

Ans: on the basis of raw materials used, industries can be classified as:

-      Agro based industries.

-      Mineral based industries.

-      Marine based industries.

-      Pastoral based

-      Forest based industries.

Q5) What are multinational firms

Ans: multinational firms are big companies that operate from several countries. These companies operate with a desire to be globally competitive and to get maximum profit.  for example Intosys, NIIT, TATA steel, Nokia, Samsung and coca cola are multinational firms.

Q6) what are the factors that affect the location of industries? Explain briefly.

Ans: industries are unevenly distributed. Various factors affect their distribution. They may be geographical, political, historical, social, human and economic factors.

The industries which are independent of most of these factors are called foot loose industries.

  

Q7) what are industrial regions? Name the major ones around the world and in India.

Ans: industries region emerge when a large number of industries are located in a selected area. Close to each other. They enjoy the privileges assured by their government and the benefits of their proximity to each other.

Industrial regions of the world in general are highly urbanized and densely populated.

The major industrial regions of the world are:

-      Eastern North America.

-      Western and central Europe.

-      Eastern Asia ( eastern China – Japan )

-      The Mumbai pane cluster.

-      The AhmadAbad- Vadodara region

-      The Gurgaon – Delhi – Meerat region

Q8) Distinguish between

 a)  Public and private sector

Ans: 

public sector :

- public sector are owned , managed and controlled by the state or central government .

- these industries operate more for the benefit of the public than for making profits.

- price for the products is fixed through planning.

Example: the Indian railways, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian oil Corporation, Bharat Heavy electricity Limited, Air India.

Private sector:

-      owned, managed and controlled by individuals or group of individuals.

-      Operate mainly for profit.

-      The price of products is determined by market forces such as the demand and supply.

-      Example: Companies in India include the Birla group of industries, reliance industries, the Tata group of computers, etc.

 b)  Mineral based industries and forest based industries

Ans: 

mineral based industries:

-      Get their raw materials from minerals which are then processed and turned into finished goods.

-      Example: the iron and steel industry, locomotive industry, automobiles industry, cement industry and aluminum industry.

Forest based industries:

-      Obtain their raw materials from shrubs herbs, grass and trees in the forest.

-      These industries use wood or wood pulp as their raw materials.

-      The industries associated with forests produce wood pulp and paper, cardboard, rayon, pharmaceuticals, etc.

c)  Large scale industries and small scale industries.

Ans: 

large scale industries:

-      Uses large amounts of capital, huge machines and modern and superior technology to manufacture goods.

-      Large scale industries need huge amount of power.

-      They usually employ an enormous number of workers.

-      They obtain raw material even from distant regions.

-      They sell their goods even to distant markets.

-      Iron and steel industries, petrochemical textile industry, aircraft, railway coach are some examples of large scale industries.

Small scale industries:

-      Small manufacturing units setup with limited capital.

-      They use lesser amount of capital and technology as compared to large scale industries.

-      They also generate a great deal of employment

-      They uses machines that run on power obtain raw materials from outside produce more in terms of volume compared to cottage  industry.

-      SSI units are engaged in silk weaving, producing garments, food and leather items, manufacturing chemicals furniture and fittings and automobiles components.

Q9) Name the following

a)  Any three industrial region in India

Ans:

-      The Mumbai – Pure Custer

-      The Ahmadabad Vadodara region

-      The Gurgaon – Delhi- Meerut region

b)   Few examples for pastoral based industries.

Ans:

The woolen textiles industry, the diary industry, and the leather industry

c)  Any four inputs in the industrial system

Ans:

The inputs are labour – land – capital – communication

d) Any two examples of cottage industry

Ans:

Toy making – weaving – pottery – shoe making - jewelry making

Q10) give reasons

a)  Several industrial cities are located along the coast.

Ans:

-      The proximity of the parts provides easy access to marine roots.

-      Exporting bulky goods will be cost effective

-      Port facility

b)  Industries provide value addition

Ans:

When the raw material is processed to be converted into usable final product, its utility value and price increases.

It covers the cost incurred processing.